Steel is one of the most versatile materials used today, playing a central role in industries like construction, energy, transportation, and manufacturing. From skyscrapers and bridges to wind turbines and machinery, steel forms the backbone of modern infrastructure. In this guide, discover how steel’s unique mechanical properties—such as strength, durability, and adaptability—make it indispensable in supporting the growing demands of a modern and sustainable world.

Steel production relies on raw materials like iron ore, coal, and limestone, along with alloying elements such as chromium and nickel. These materials are sourced from large mining operations worldwide, including regions like Australia, Brazil, and India. This edition delves into the geological origins of steel’s key inputs and highlights how advancements in beneficiation and processing technologies are shaping global supply chains.

Steel can be produced through multiple methods, with the two primary routes being the Blast Furnace-Basic Oxygen Furnace (BF-BOF) process and the Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) process. Each method has its own advantages, challenges, and environmental impacts. Learn how these processes work, their role in meeting global demand, and why recycling plays a critical role in modern steel production.

As the steel industry accounts for a significant portion of global carbon emissions, innovative technologies are reshaping production methods to reduce environmental impacts. This guide explores emerging pathways such as hydrogen-based reduction, renewable energy integration, and advanced recycling techniques. These innovations are transforming steel production to meet sustainability goals and address the pressing challenges of decarbonisation.

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an essential tool for evaluating the environmental impacts of steel production across its entire supply chain. By analysing material inputs, energy use, and emissions, LCA helps identify areas for improvement and supports the adoption of sustainable practices. In this guide, learn how LCA informs decision-making, aligns with global regulations, and fosters transparency in steel production.