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Glossary

What is the Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA)?

What is the Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA)?

The Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA), Regulation (EU) 2024/1252, is the EU law aimed at securing a reliable, sustainable supply of the strategic and critical raw materials essential to Europe's energy transition and industry, including lithium, cobalt, nickel, rare earth elements, and other minerals used in batteries, magnets, and clean technologies. It entered into force in 2024 and sets benchmarks for domestic extraction, processing, recycling, and supply diversification, alongside traceability and transparency obligations for certain products.

The Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA), Regulation (EU) 2024/1252, is the EU law aimed at securing a reliable, sustainable supply of the strategic and critical raw materials essential to Europe's energy transition and industry, including lithium, cobalt, nickel, rare earth elements, and other minerals used in batteries, magnets, and clean technologies. It entered into force in 2024 and sets benchmarks for domestic extraction, processing, recycling, and supply diversification, alongside traceability and transparency obligations for certain products.

Robert Pell

Robert Pell

Date published

Reviewed by

Jordan Lindsay

Why the Critical Raw Materials Act matters

The CRMA is the EU's response to a strategic vulnerability: Europe depends heavily on a small number of countries for the materials its clean-energy and defence industries cannot function without. By setting targets to extract, process, and recycle more of these materials within the EU, and to diversify imports, the Act is reshaping how and where critical minerals are sourced.

For companies in battery and clean-tech supply chains, that shift comes with new expectations around traceability, including proving where materials come from and how they were produced.

What the Critical Raw Materials Act requires

The CRMA sets EU-level benchmarks. By 2030, the EU aims for a meaningful share of its annual consumption of strategic raw materials to be met by domestic extraction, processing, and recycling, with no single third country supplying more than a set proportion of any strategic material. It streamlines permitting for strategic projects, encourages recycling and circularity, and introduces transparency obligations. For products containing permanent magnets, this includes requirements to disclose the type and recycled content of those magnets through labelling and an associated Digital Product Passport.

The Critical Raw Materials Act and traceability

The CRMA's magnet and traceability provisions push companies toward documenting the origin and recycled content of strategic materials. This connects directly to LCA and supply chain data work: proving recycled content and material origin requires the same traceable, primary-data foundation that supports a defensible product footprint. For producers of magnets, battery materials, and the products that contain them, CRMA transparency and LCA data collection increasingly draw on the same supply chain evidence.

CRMA and the wider regulatory picture

The CRMA does not sit alone. It interlocks with the EU Battery Regulation (recycled content, due diligence), the ESPR and Digital Product Passport framework (traceability), and CBAM (carbon cost of imported materials). For a battery or critical-minerals company, these regulations increasingly demand one connected evidence base about where materials come from, how they were produced, and what their footprint is.

Minviro builds primary-data LCAs for critical mineral and battery material supply chains. See how Minviro supports critical raw materials traceability and footprinting →

Why the Critical Raw Materials Act matters

The CRMA is the EU's response to a strategic vulnerability: Europe depends heavily on a small number of countries for the materials its clean-energy and defence industries cannot function without. By setting targets to extract, process, and recycle more of these materials within the EU, and to diversify imports, the Act is reshaping how and where critical minerals are sourced.

For companies in battery and clean-tech supply chains, that shift comes with new expectations around traceability, including proving where materials come from and how they were produced.

What the Critical Raw Materials Act requires

The CRMA sets EU-level benchmarks. By 2030, the EU aims for a meaningful share of its annual consumption of strategic raw materials to be met by domestic extraction, processing, and recycling, with no single third country supplying more than a set proportion of any strategic material. It streamlines permitting for strategic projects, encourages recycling and circularity, and introduces transparency obligations. For products containing permanent magnets, this includes requirements to disclose the type and recycled content of those magnets through labelling and an associated Digital Product Passport.

The Critical Raw Materials Act and traceability

The CRMA's magnet and traceability provisions push companies toward documenting the origin and recycled content of strategic materials. This connects directly to LCA and supply chain data work: proving recycled content and material origin requires the same traceable, primary-data foundation that supports a defensible product footprint. For producers of magnets, battery materials, and the products that contain them, CRMA transparency and LCA data collection increasingly draw on the same supply chain evidence.

CRMA and the wider regulatory picture

The CRMA does not sit alone. It interlocks with the EU Battery Regulation (recycled content, due diligence), the ESPR and Digital Product Passport framework (traceability), and CBAM (carbon cost of imported materials). For a battery or critical-minerals company, these regulations increasingly demand one connected evidence base about where materials come from, how they were produced, and what their footprint is.

Minviro builds primary-data LCAs for critical mineral and battery material supply chains. See how Minviro supports critical raw materials traceability and footprinting →

Why the Critical Raw Materials Act matters

The CRMA is the EU's response to a strategic vulnerability: Europe depends heavily on a small number of countries for the materials its clean-energy and defence industries cannot function without. By setting targets to extract, process, and recycle more of these materials within the EU, and to diversify imports, the Act is reshaping how and where critical minerals are sourced.

For companies in battery and clean-tech supply chains, that shift comes with new expectations around traceability, including proving where materials come from and how they were produced.

What the Critical Raw Materials Act requires

The CRMA sets EU-level benchmarks. By 2030, the EU aims for a meaningful share of its annual consumption of strategic raw materials to be met by domestic extraction, processing, and recycling, with no single third country supplying more than a set proportion of any strategic material. It streamlines permitting for strategic projects, encourages recycling and circularity, and introduces transparency obligations. For products containing permanent magnets, this includes requirements to disclose the type and recycled content of those magnets through labelling and an associated Digital Product Passport.

The Critical Raw Materials Act and traceability

The CRMA's magnet and traceability provisions push companies toward documenting the origin and recycled content of strategic materials. This connects directly to LCA and supply chain data work: proving recycled content and material origin requires the same traceable, primary-data foundation that supports a defensible product footprint. For producers of magnets, battery materials, and the products that contain them, CRMA transparency and LCA data collection increasingly draw on the same supply chain evidence.

CRMA and the wider regulatory picture

The CRMA does not sit alone. It interlocks with the EU Battery Regulation (recycled content, due diligence), the ESPR and Digital Product Passport framework (traceability), and CBAM (carbon cost of imported materials). For a battery or critical-minerals company, these regulations increasingly demand one connected evidence base about where materials come from, how they were produced, and what their footprint is.

Minviro builds primary-data LCAs for critical mineral and battery material supply chains. See how Minviro supports critical raw materials traceability and footprinting →

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Author

Robert Pell

Robert Pell

Founder & CEO

Robert Pell is the Founder and CEO of Minviro. His doctoral research at the University of Exeter's Camborne School of Mines focused on responsible sourcing of rare earth elements, pioneering novel Life Cycle Assessment approaches and developing methodology for integrating LCA into mine planning. A published scientist and experienced speaker, Robert holds roles as Chair of the Rare Earth Industry Association (REIA) and the Critical Minerals Association (CMA).